{"id":1439,"date":"2025-11-17T00:10:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T17:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/phat-giao-trung-quoc.html"},"modified":"2025-11-17T00:10:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T17:10:33","slug":"phat-giao-trung-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/phat-giao-trung-quoc.html","title":{"rendered":"PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<div class=\"dt-abc-1\">\n<h2>PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C<\/h2>\n<div class=\"f-detail clearfix\">\n                    PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C<\/p>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u4e2d \u570b \u4f5b \u6559<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tTheo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 2 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o (L\u00e3o T\u1eed). S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a hai t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y; c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khi d\u1ecbch kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e0nh d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ec1 sau, khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kinh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef (sanskrit) ra ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 An Th\u1ebf Cao (\u5b89 \u4e16 \u9ad8), ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kinh Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 Chi Khi\u00eam (\u652f \u8b19), ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tN\u0103m 355, T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 4, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi Cao t\u0103ng Chi \u00d0\u1ed9n (\u652f \u9041; Chi \u00d0\u1ea1o L\u00e2m) l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 399, Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n \u0111i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Cao t\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9. Trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 5, th\u1ee9 6, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ra \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 466 v\u00e0 574-577 c\u00f3 hai l\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y, hai v\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp (\u9ce9 \u6469 \u7f85 \u4ec0; s: kum\u0101raj\u012bva) v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ebf (\u771f \u8ae6; s: param\u0101rtha). V\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t cao, hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kinh Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u5165 \u695e \u4f3d \u7d93; s: la\u1e45k\u0101vat\u0101ras\u016btra), \u00d0\u1ea1i b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u5927 \u822c \u6d85 \u69c3 \u7d93; s: mah\u0101parinirv\u0101\u1e47a-s\u016btra) v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn ( \u6210 \u5be6 \u8ad6; s: satyasiddhi). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Tam lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng (\u4e09 \u8ad6 \u5b97), Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng (\u6210 \u5be6 \u5b97) v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u00f4ng (\u6d85 \u69c3 \u5b97) ra \u0111\u1eddi. m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u00d0\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tGi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 6 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 10, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng Hoa nghi\u00eam (\u83ef \u56b4), Thi\u00ean Thai (\u5929 \u53f0), Thi\u1ec1n (\u79aa), T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 (\u6de8 \u571f), Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng (\u6cd5 \u76f8) ra \u0111\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Cao t\u0103ng nh\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang Tam T\u1ea1ng (\u7384 \u5958), Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i (\u667a \u9857), \u00d0\u1ebf T\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ed7 Thu\u1eadn (\u5e1d \u5fc3 \u675c \u9806). V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng (\u6167 \u80fd) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea5t l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tV\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u2013 nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf \u2013 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a r\u1ed3i thu\u00ea l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf. N\u0103m 845, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1, t\u0103ng ni b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed3n t\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i huy ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tTrong \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 10-13), Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 14-17), c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 (\u79aa \u6de8 \u5408 \u4e00; Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (V\u00e2n Th\u00ea Ch\u00e2u Ho\u1eb1ng).<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\n\tGi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 17 v\u00e0 20, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (1966-1976).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tra c\u1ee9u T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc online tr\u00ean trang nh\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/\">niemphat.vn<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/\">t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc online<\/a>:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C \u00a0 \u4e2d \u570b \u4f5b \u6559 \u00a0 Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1439","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-p","7":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1439"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1439\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.niemphat.vn\/tudien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}